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Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that causes difficulty or pain while swallowing or attempting to swallow. Anyone can develop dysphagia, but it is more likely to occur in older people. This condition can make it difficult for people to get adequate nutrition and can significantly affect quality of life.

At Stanford, our gastrointestinal experts evaluate people who are having difficulty swallowing to determine the cause and plan symptom-relieving treatment. We target the root cause of swallowing problems and offer innovative treatment solutions to help you return to your best health.Dysphagia Types

Dysphagia has two main types: structural dysphagia, which results from changes to the actual structure of your esophagus, or dysphagia caused by esophageal motility (movement) issues.

Structural dysphagia

In some cases, dysphagia results from certain changes to the physical structure of the esophagus. Commonly, dysphagia symptoms develop when areas of the esophagus become narrowed (strictures). Strictures form as a result of certain gastrointestinal conditions, like gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), or medical treatments like radiation therapy to the neck.

Dysphagia related to esophageal motility

For some people, the symptoms of dysphagia result from problems with the esophagus’s ability to move food into the stomach. This dysfunction often results from damage to the nerves and muscles involved in the process of swallowing. However, certain medical conditions, like nervous system disorders, can affect the nerves involved in swallowing, causing dysphagia.
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