Collab Topic - Occupational Therapy | Pinnacle Blooms Network

*Definition:
An upper motor neuron lesion is a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. A Lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the associated muscle.
*CAUSES: The lower motor neuron lesions are motor neuron disease, peripheral neuropathy, poliomyelitis, and spinal cord injury with nerve root compression. Lower motor neurons control movement in the arms, legs, chest, face, throat, and tongue. Mixed upper and lower motor neuron diseases include multiple sclerosis.
*UPPER MOTOR LESIONS SIGNS:
*Weakness – the extensors are weaker than the flexors in the arms, but the reverse is true in the legs
*Muscle wasting is absent or slight
*Hyperreflexia with clonus
*Spasticity
*No fasciculation’s
*Babinski sign positive – extended hallux and flaring of remaining digits
*Hoffmann’s sign is positive if flexion and sudden release of the terminal phalanx of the middle finger result in reflex flexion of all the digits. This is a sign of the presence of reflex activity.
*LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION SIGNS
*DIAGNOSIS:
* EMG/NCV: Used to diagnose disorders of lower motor neurons, as well as disorders of muscles and peripheral nerves. Nerve conduction studies help to differentiate lower motor neuron diseases from peripheral neuropathy and can detect abnormalities in sensory nerves.
*Laboratory tests: Blood tests may be ordered to measure levels of the protein creatine kinase; high levels may help diagnose muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy.
*MRI: Images can help diagnose brain and spinal cord tumors, eye disease, inflammation, infection, and vascular irregularities that may lead to stroke.
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