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GENU VALGUM GENU VARUS Genu varum is common among toddlers and usually resolves spontaneously by age 18 months. If it persists or becomes more severe, Blount disease (tibia vara) should be suspected, and rickets and other metabolic bone diseases should also be ruled out. Genu valgum is less common than genu varum and, even if severe, usually resolves spontaneously by age 9 years. Skeletal dysplasia or hypophosphatasia should be excluded. If marked deformity persists after age 10 years, surgical stapling of the medial distal femoral epiphysis is indicated. CAUSES Developmental – physiologic, no intrinsic bone disease or congenital anomaly. Congenital – due to longitudinal deficiency of the fibula. Iliotibial band contracture. Trauma Malunion of fracture Growth stimulation by greenstick fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysic Asymmetric growth arrest due to fracture-separation involving the lateral segment of the upper tibial physis or distal femoral physis. Infection – causing asymmetric growth disturbance. Arthritis of knee – rheumatoid, hemophylia Metabolic bone disease. MANAGEMENT Single-Leg Band Stretches Step 1: With the resistance band firmly anchored to a stable object at ankle height, stand parallel to the band. Step 2: Wrap the band around the ankle that’s further from the anchoring object. Step 3: Stretch the resistance band by swinging your leg out to the side. When your leg is as far extended as you can manage, hold the position for two seconds, then carefully release back to a neutral position.. This exercise uses a resistance exercise band to help strengthen hip flexor muscles. Leaning Ankle Band Stretches Step 1: Anchor the resistance band to something sturdy at about thigh level and stand at the end of the band, perpendicular to the anchor. Step 2: Wrap the band around the closer ankle, then step your other foot away so your feet are more than hip-width apart. Step 3: Lean away from the resistance band, bending the knee that is not connected to the band. Keep both feet firmly planted. You should feel the band pulling at the inside of your ankle. Step 4: Lean as far as you can, then hold the position for two seconds, and return to standing. This exercise helps stretch the hip flexor muscles and strengthens the ankles. Exercise Band Squats Step 1: Stand with your feet hip width apart and a circular exercise band placed around your thighs. The band should be snug but you shouldn’t have trouble standing with your feet apart. Step 2: Gently sink into a squat, bending your knees and keeping your thighs apart. You should feel a burn in your thighs and hips. Keep your back straight. Step 3: Hold the squat for several seconds, then return to standing. Squats help strengthen your quads and hamstrings, while adding the exercise band engages your hip flexors.

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