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Topic:-POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE INJURY
Description/ Description Posterior interosseous whim-whams pattern is a neuropathic contraction of the posterior interosseous whim-whams where it passes through the radial lair. This may affect in paresis or palsy of the digital and thumb extensor muscles, performing in an incapability to extend the thumb and fritters at their metacarpophalangeal joints. Wrist extension is saved due to the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus innervated by the radial whim-whams. Radial nerv Clinically Applicable deconstruction The posterior interosseous whim-whams is located near to shaft of the humerus and the elbow. This whim-whams is the deep motor branch of the radial whim-whams. Proximal to the supinator bow, the radial whim-whams is divided into a superficial branch and posterior interosseous branch. The radial whim-whams supplies the maturity of the forearm and hand extensors. Damage to this branch of the radial whim-whams results in posterior interosseous whim-whams pattern. The radial lair is a space that extends 5 cm from the radial head to the distal periphery of the supinator. This lair is attached indirectly to the brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus( ECRL) and extensor carpi radialis brevis( ECRB) and medially to the biceps tendon and brachialis. The bottom is formed by the deep head of the supinator and the capsule of the radiocapitellar joint, while the roof is formed by the superficial head of the supinator and the radial intermittent vessels. At the position of the side epicondyle, between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles, the radial whim-whams, which has its origin in the brachial supersystem, divides into its 2 terminal branches the superficial radial whim-whams and the posterior interosseous whim-whams. The superficial radial whim-whams ends proximal to the radial lair. The posterior interosseous whim-whams is much longer and enters the radial lair underneath a musculotendinous bow, the hall of Frohse. The hall of Frohse, which is the most common point of contraction, is a connection between the deep and superficial heads of the supinator and is fibrotendinous in 30 to further than 80 of the population. The posterior interosseous whim-whams continues in the radial lair through the supinator, as it goes from the anterior to the posterior face of the forearm. The posterior interosseous whim-whams is a motor whim-whams and successionally innervates supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum communis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis. Epidemiology/ Etiology Supinator muscle with posterior interosseous whim-whams passing deep via the Arcade of Frohse Posterior interosseous whim-whams pattern is more common in males, homemade labourers and bodybuilders, with an prevalence of 3 per 100 000. With a humeral shaft fracture, there's a 12 chance of associated with radial whim-whamsparalysis.Proximal forearm fractures can also affect in posterior interosseous whim-whams paralysis. Posterior interosseous whim-whams pattern can be caused by a traumatic injury, excrescences, inflammation and an anatomic injury. With repeated pronation and supination a dynamic contraction of the whim-whams in the proximal part of the forearm can be created. Posterior interosseous whim-whams pattern generally develops spontaneously and is caused by contraction injuries to the upper extremity, substantially in the hall of Frohse. It's the area where the whim-whams enters the supinator muscle and is the most common place for a contraction of the whim-whams. still, it can also do following trauma, similar as a blow to the proximal rearward region of the forearm. smash of the radial whim-whams results in posterior interosseous whim-whams pattern. Compression of the posterior interosseous whim-whams is associated with repetitious conditioning that involve grippin
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impact of different types of ld on writing and arithmetic Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability (SLD) as well as a transcription disability, meaning that it is a writing disorder associated with impaired handwriting, orthographic coding and finger sequencing (the movement of muscles required to write disorder.In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), dysgraphia is characterized as a learning disability in the category of written expression when one’s writing skills are below those expected given a person’s age measured through intelligence and age appropriate education. The DSM is not clear on whether or not writing refers only to the motor skills involved in writing, or if it also includes orthographic skills and spelling.There are at least two stages in the act of writing: the linguistic stage and the motor expressive praxic stage.The linguistic stage involves the encoding of auditory and visual information into symbols for letters and written words. This is mediated through the angular gyrus, which provides the linguistic rules which guide writing. The motor stage is where the expression of written words or graphemes is articulated. This stage is mediated by Exner’s writing area of the frontal lobe. The condition can cause individuals to struggle with feedback & anticipating and exercising control over rhythm & timing throughout the writing process. While children with disorders in mathematics are specifically included under the definition of Learning Disabilities, seldom do math learning difficulties cause children to be referred for evaluation. In many school systems, special education services are provided almost exclusively on the basis of children’s reading disabilities. Even after being identified as learning disabled (LD), few children are provided substantive assessment and remediation of their arithmetic difficulties.This relative neglect might lead parents and teachers to believe that arithmetic learning problems are not very common, or perhaps not very serious. However, approximately 6% of school-age children have significant math deficits and among students classified as learning disabled, arithmetic difficulties are as pervasive as reading problems. This does not mean that all reading disabilities are accompanied by arithmetic learning problems, but it does mean that math deficits are widespread and in need of equivalent attention and concern.
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Today's collab topic: Trouble swallowing
Difficulty swallowing foods or liquids, arising from the throat or oesophagus, ranging from mild difficulty to complete and painful blockage.
COMMON CAUSES
Difficulty swallowing can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include large bites of food, inadequate chewing, dry mouth, pills or food that's too hot. Swallowing is also difficult when talking, laughing or lying down.
Causes dysphagia:
a condition that affects the nervous system, such as a stroke, head injury, or dementia.
cancer – such as mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer.
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) – where stomach acid leaks back up into the oesophagus.
5 signs of swallowing difficulty:
Dysphagia (swallowing problems)
coughing or choking when eating or drinking.
bringing food back up, sometimes through the nose.
a feeling that food is stuck in your throat or chest.
a gurgly, wet-sounding voice when eating or drinking.
The best therapy for swallowing:
How to Perform: Take a deep breath and keep holding your breath as you place a small bite of food in your mouth and swallow. Then, cough to clear any remnants of saliva or food which may have gone down past your vocal cords. Lastly, exhale. During your first few attempts at the exercise, do not use food.
Can swallowing be restored:
Outside of a few special cases, dysphagia is often temporary and most dysphagic stroke survivors recover fully. Working with experts, like dieticians and speech pathologists, can help survivors manage their dysphagia and improve their ability to swallow safely.
Cancers make it hard to swallow:
The types of cancer most likely to cause swallowing problems are cancers of the:
voice box (larynx)
thyroid gland.
mouth and tongue (oral cancer)
throat (pharynx)
nasal cavity and sinuses.
melanoma or other skin cancer on the face.
salivary glands.
food pipe (oesophagus)
Suffers the most from dysphagia:
Dysphagia is a common condition; it affects approximately 13.5% of the general population but is more common in seniors. As more people live to older ages, the incidence of dysphagia is increasing. It affects 19-33% of individuals older than 80 years-of-age, and up to 50% of individuals living in a nursing home.
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EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
emotional development, emergence of the experience, expression, understanding, and regulation of emotions from birth and the growth and change in these capacities throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The development of emotions occurs in conjunction with neural, cognitive, and behavioral development and emerges within a particular social and cultural context.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT DURING INFANCY
. From his very birth, the infant cries and his bodily movements seem to give evidence of the presence of emotional element in him. What are the specific emotions, if any which he experiences at this stage is a difficult question to be answered.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT DURING CHILDHOOD
There is a remarkable change in the expression of emotional behaviour. In infancy this behaviour is usually dominated by too much intensity and is usually expressed through motor responses like crying. yelling etc. But in childhood and specially in later childhood, the child tries to express his behaviour through reasonable means and is the result of many factors. In childhood the child in a position to express his feelings through language. Secondly, he becomes social and realize that it may not be desirable or proper for him to show his emotions all times. Thirdly, his intellect begins to play a proper role in exercising check over emotional outbursts.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS DURING ADULOSENCE
Moreover adolescents are not consistent in their emotions. Emotions during this stage fluctuate very frequently and quickly. It makes them moody. Sometimes they are very happy and at an other time they are extremely sad and all this happens in a very short time. So there is too much uncertainty in the nature of their emotional states.
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Prepared by:- M.Asha ( special educator)
Learning disabilities:
A learning disability is not a problem with intelligence of the kid or not lazy or dumb. In fact, most of the kids are just as smart as everyone else. Their brains are different and this difference will affects how they receive and process information.
This can also lead trouble with learning new information and skills, and putting them to use. The most common types of learning disabilities involve problems with reading, writing, math and speaking.
Learning disabilities in dyslexia :
In reading there are two types of learning disabilities. It occur when there are having difficulty in understanding the relationship between sounds, letters and words. Other one Reading comprehension problems occur when there is an inability to grasp the meaning of words, phrases, and paragraphs.
Reading difficulty signs :
Recognition of words and letters
Understanding the words
Speed and fluency in reading General vocabulary skills.
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Ch bhavani (speech therapist )
Pinnacle blooms network gajuwaka
Today collab topic
Speech therapy games for preschoolers:
* Speech therapist assess and treat the speech related issues of the kid
* Activities includes flash cards, peg boards , touch and feel activities
1) Touch and feel activities
In a bag keep the item which we use in common . Ask the child to take any of the item from the bag and identify the object and name it.
The child will be able to understand the concept of hard, soft , cold , hot etc
2) Picture cards:
We need to place the picture cards one by one and ask the child to pick according to the command. From this categorisation, identification and naming of objects along with command following improves.
3) Word search:
In a plain paper different alphabets will be written and a word will be hidden inside . According to the knowledge level of the kid ask them to find the word. This improved pronounciation.
4) Hide and seek with words :
Hide the alphabet or any l nd if picture cards or objects and ask the kid to find the object.
5) Sequence formation:
For this picture cards in a sequence or story cards is required. Ask the child to arrange it according to the sequence. This improves picture description, sequence formation, story narrationCh bhavani
(speech therapist )
Pinnacle blooms network gajuwaka
Today collab topic
Speech therapy games for preschoolers:
* Speech therapist assess and treat the speech related issues of the kid
* Activities includes flash cards, peg boards , touch and feel activities
1) Touch and feel activities
In a bag keep the item which we use in common . Ask the child to take any of the item from the bag and identify the object and name it.
The child will be able to understand the concept of hard, soft , cold , hot etc
2) Picture cards:
We need to place the picture cards one by one and ask the child to pick according to the command. From this categorisation, identification and naming of objects along with command following improves.
3) Word search:
In a plain paper different alphabets will be written and a word will be hidden inside . According to the knowledge level of the kid ask them to find the word. This improved pronounciation.
4) Hide and seek with words :
Hide the alphabet or any l nd if picture cards or objects and ask the kid to find the object.
5) Sequence formation:
For this picture cards in a sequence or story cards is required. Ask the child to arrange it according to the sequence. This improves picture description, sequence formation, story narration
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#PinnacleSaysItAll
#PinnacleBloomsNetwork
#1Autism Therapy centres network
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